Publications

Peer-reviewed Full-length Conference Papers

EquityWare: Co-designing Wearables With And For Low-Income Communities 

Stefany Cruz, Alexander Redding, Connie Chau, Claire Lu, Julia Persche, Josiah Hester, Maia Jacobs

CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ‘23)

This work explores how members of Latine underserved communities from Los Angeles and Chicago perceive wearables. Using semi-structured interviews and system co-design through storyboards, I uncovered a strong demand for wearables that prioritize personal safety, situational awareness, and discreet, energy-efficient designs. This led me to develop a much-needed research agenda Equityware, a framework poised to drive impactful contributions through Hardware, Software, and Research and Education. 

DOI  ▪️  Video  ▪️  Code

SmokeMon: Unobtrusive Extraction of Smoking Topography Using Wearable Energy-Efficient Thermal 

Rawan Alharbi, Soroush Shahi, Stefany Cruz, Lingfeng Li, Sougata Sen, Mahdi Pedram, Christopher Romano, Josiah Hester, Aggelos Katsaggelos, Nabil Alshurafa

Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT/UbiComp'23)

SmokeMon is a wearable necklace equipped with a deep-learning data analysis pipeline designed to automatically detect smoking behavior and extract detailed smoking topography. Its goal is to empower individuals to better understand the challenges of their addiction while maintaining ease of use through an unobtrusive, low-power design that remains affordable. Check out the press SmokeMon garnered worldwide!

DOI  ▪️  Video  ▪️  Code

BFree: Enabling Battery-free Sensor Prototyping with Python

Vito Kortbeek, Abu Bakar, Stefany Cruz, Kasım Sinan Yıldırım, Przemysław Pawełczak, Josiah Hester

Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT/UbiComp'21)

BFree allows the development of battery-free applications, to novices and hobbyists, using the Python (leveraging AdaFruit’s CircuitPython ecosystem) programming language and widely available hobbyist maker platforms. BFree provides energy harvesting hardware and a power failure resilient version of Python, with durable libraries that enable common coding practice and off-the-shelf sensors. This work allows makers to engage with a useful, long-term, and environmentally responsible future of ubiquitous computing. Check out the press BFree received!

DOI  ▪️  Video  ▪️  Code

Journal Articles

A Perceptions of Wearable Health Tools Post the COVID-19 Emergency in Low-Income Latin Communities: Qualitative Study

Stefany Cruz

Journal of Medical Internet Research Mhealth and Uhealth (JMIR Mhealth Uhealth ' 24)

This study examines how racially minoritized, low-SES communities perceive mobile health (mHealth) wearable devices, uncovering key barriers and design needs for equitable adoption. Through interviews with 19 Hispanic or Latine adults from two U.S. metropolitan regions, four themes emerged: (1) the COVID-19 pandemic heightened interest in wearables, (2) limited health care access amplified the desire for self-monitoring tools, (3) distrust in health care systems underscored the need for alternative solutions, and (4) participants emphasized the importance of community-driven design for future wearables. The findings highlight that despite growing interest, current devices fail to meet the usability, accessibility, and affordability needs of these communities. Check out the press this work received reginonally and internatinally!

PUB MED  ▪️  Video  ▪️  Code

Workshops and Lightly Reviewed Articles

The Need for Equitable System Design: Lessons Learned From A Co-design Study with Low-Income Communities

Stefany Cruz

Workshop on Hot Topics in Ethical Computer Systems Co-located w/the ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS'24)

Wearable technologies have become ubiquitous, enabling users to track health data, engage in virtual environments, and maintain connectivity. However, access to these technologies remains limited, primarily due to cost, restricting their benefits for underserved populations. To promote more equitable design practices, I conducted a qualitative study with 19 participants from low-income communities, revealing that personal safety is a critical concern—one that wearables could help address. This thesis position paper emphasizes the importance of codesigning wearables in collaboration with underserved communities and proposes a novel framework at both the hardware and software levels for developing safety-oriented wearable devices that respond directly to the needs identified by these populations.

DOI  ▪️  Video  ▪️  Code

A Design Framework For Equitable Wearables (Doctoral Consortium)

Stefany Cruz

Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT/UbiComp'23)

Wearable technologies have become ubiquitous, enabling users to track health data, engage in virtual environments, and maintain connectivity. However, access to these technologies remains limited, primarily due to cost, restricting their benefits for underserved populations. To promote more equitable design practices, I conducted a qualitative study with 19 participants from low-income communities, revealing that personal safety is a critical concern—one that wearables could help address. This thesis position paper emphasizes the importance of codesigning wearables in collaboration with underserved communities and proposes a novel framework at both the hardware and software levels for developing safety-oriented wearable devices that respond directly to the needs identified by these populations.

DOI  ▪️  Video  ▪️  Code

Augmented Reality’s Potential for Identifying and Mitigating Home Privacy Leaks

Stefany Cruz, Logan Danek, Shinan Liu, Christopher Kraemer,  Zixin Wang, Nick Feamster,  Danny Yuxing Huang, Yaxing Yao, Josiah Hester

Symposium on Usable Security (USEC) 2023 Program Co-located with Network and Distributed System Security (NDSS) 2023 

As smart devices become more prevalent in homes, privacy is becoming an increasingly pressing concern for many people.  To address these concerns and explore the feasibility of using Augmented Reality to inspect and monitor network traffic in the home, I developed Privacy Plumber, a mobile application that allows users to inspect and monitor the network traffic in their homes in real-time. By identifying privacy leaks, Privacy Plumber empowers users to take control of their data and decide how and with whom it is shared. 

DOI  ▪️  Video  ▪️  Code